Il for boots or shoes



(No Model.)

F, F. RAYMOND, 2d.

NAIL FOR BOOTS OR SHOES.

Patented Sept. 22, 1885.

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r a y l N. PEYERS. Phowumognpher. wamlngior; n.0.

Niran STATES APATENT Ormea.

FREEBORN F. RAYMOND, 2D, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

NAIL FOR BOOTS ORSHOES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 326,782, dated September 22, 1885. Application filed July 16, 1885. (No model.)

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREEBORN F. RAY- MOND, 2d, of Newton, in the county of Middlesex and Stateof Massachusetts, a citizen of the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Nails, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, in explaining its nature.

The invention comprises a nail made of two metals, one of which forms the central part of the nail, and is stiff and hard, and the other of which comprises or forms the exterior of the nail, and is comparatively soft and ductile in character. The metals which I prefer to use are steel for the interior metal and iron for the exterior, but of course I can use any other metal or combination of metals which shall give to the nail the peculiar properties hereinafter specified.

In the drawings I have represented the nail as made and applied to fastenings for boots and shoes. Such fastenings should possess two distinct properties: rst, they should be sti or rigid enough to drive well and to furnish a stiff, sharp, or comparatively sharp point; second, in wearing, or in use, their exposed ends should easily burr or upset to form ahead. By making the interior section of the nail of steel I provide it with the requisite stiffness, and also with means for forming a strong, stiff, centrally located point. By using a ductile metal to form the outer or exterior portion of the nail I provide it with the selfheading property. I prefer to arrange the two metals in the form of a wire, and to make the nails therefrom.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view in elevation of a section of wire from which the nail or fastening is made. Fig. 2 is a Vertical central section thereof. Fig. 3 represents a nail-length in section. Fig. l shows the section as pointed. Fig. 5 represents a vertical section of a heel and portion of the sole of a shoe, representing the nails or fastenings as driven, and the points as clinched. Fig. 6 is a view in vertical section of the saine parts, with the exception that the upper lift is shown somewhat worn, to represent the wearing action upon the heads of the nails. the nails used as sole-fastenings.

A represents a vertical section of the wire, to show the interior core or section, a, of steel or other sufticiently rigid metal, and the exterior c', of iron or other sufficiently ductile metal. In making the nail I sever from the wire a section sufficiently long, and either before or after it is severed I form upon its end a point by removing the soft or ductile metal therefrom to expose the hard rigid interior, and this rigid portion of the nail may also be pointed, as represented at a2, Fig. 4. This provides or forms a composite metal nail having a shank of substantially uniform diameter Fig. 7 shows and a hard penetrating point.

In use the nails are driven through the soles or heel, and as they are stiff and strong they drive straightly and easily, and their stiff' points come in contact with an iron-bottomed last or other clinching-surface, and are turned backward and re-enter the stock, as represented in Figs. 5, 6, and 7. This strong stiff point not only operates to advantage as a point, but also makes a strong and durable clinch.

The head end, consisting of the hard center and ductile exterior, is represented in Fig. 5 as flush with the lower surface of theheel and sole, and in a position to be submitted immediately to a wearing action. The wearing action immediately causes the soft ductile section of the nail to be upset, or to extend laterally upon the surface of the sole or heel, (see Fig. 6,) and as the soles or heels wear this heading or upsetting action continues, so that the nails are immediately provided with heads, which continue so long as they are submitted to a wearing action.

Nails made in this manner possess other advantages than those named, and among them may be mentioned these: The nail can be easily headed before it is driven, and it can be more easily corrugated or cut off, or can have sections removed, as represented in Fig. 4., with less labor or wear upon the rolls or cutters.

Of course I do not conne myself in this invention to nails made of iron and steel, as I may use, for instance, a soft and hard iron, or a soft and hard steel, or an iron or steel IOO soft and ductile metallic exterior section inclosing the central section, as and for the purposes described. v

2. ,A nail having the stiff or rigid interior section and point formed of comparatively hard metal, and a comparatively soft, ductile,

metallic exterior, all substantially as and for 2o the purposes described.

FREEBORN F. RAYMOND, 2D.

Witnesses:

J. M. DoLAN, FRED. B. DoLAN. 

